Educational justice is a fundamental principle in academic systems, yet numerous challenges hinder its realization in Iranian Universities of Medical Sciences. This narrative review was conducted in 2024 to identify the key factors influencing educational justice in these institutions. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across international (SCOPUS, PubMed) and national (SID, Magiran) databases. Inclusion criteria encompassed Persian and English-language articles that addressed educational justice in Iranian Universities of Medical Sciences, with relevant keywords appearing in the title or abstract. Exclusion criteria included lack of access to full-text articles and editorials.Based on findings from 7 eligible studies, the factors affecting educational justice were categorized into two main groups: facilitators (e.g., the absence of discrimination between faculty and students) and barriers (e.g., exposure to unfavorable clinical realities). In conclusion: To promote educational justice in Iranian Universities of Medical Sciences, policymakers and academic leaders must incorporate these influencing factors into strategic planning and educational reforms.