Effect of Expressed Breast Milk on Neonates Pain During Intramuscular Injection of Hepatitis B Vaccine

Ghasemi, Fatemeh; Valizadeh, Fatemeh

doi:10.22087/ijac.2024.499600.1039

Effect of Expressed Breast Milk on Neonates Pain During Intramuscular Injection of Hepatitis B Vaccine

Document Type : Research

Authors

Fatemeh Ghasemi

Fatemeh Valizadeh

Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

10.22087/ijac.2024.499600.1039

Abstract

Evidence suggests that neonates exhibit heightened pain perception and increased sensitivity to its long-term effects compared to older infants. This study aimed to compare the effects of expressed breast milk and formula on behavioral and physiological responses, as well as crying duration, during the intramuscular administration of the Hepatitis B vaccine in newborns. In this randomized clinical trial, 60 healthy term neonates were allocated into three groups and evaluated during the intramuscular injection. The control group received injections following the standard ward procedure. In the first intervention group, neonates were administered 2cc of breast milk, while in the second intervention group, they received 2cc of formula via a syringe two minutes prior to the injection. Behavioral and physiological responses, along with crying durations, were documented using video recording and pulse oximetry. Data analysis was conducted using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and chi-square tests. A significant difference was observed in the duration of crying (p = 0.03) and behavioral responses to pain during the injection (p = 0.04) among the groups. Expressed breast milk was found to reduce behavioral measures and crying duration during intramuscular injection in term neonates. Consequently, this simple, effective, accessible, and cost-free method can be employed to mitigate the adverse effects of pain in neonates.

Keywords

Expressed breast milk

Neonates

Pain

Intramuscular injection

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