Association of Gestational BMI Change with Depression During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period

Roshanzadeh, Ghazal; Changaee, Farahnaz; Janani, Fatemeh; Mohammadi, Rasool

doi:10.22087/ijac.2024.486997.1029

Association of Gestational BMI Change with Depression During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period

Document Type : Research

Authors

Ghazal Roshanzadeh ¹

Farahnaz Changaee ²

Fatemeh Janani ³

Rasool Mohammadi ⁴

¹ Development and Clinical Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran Universities of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

² Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

³ Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

⁴ Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health and Nutrition Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

10.22087/ijac.2024.486997.1029

Abstract

High Body Mass Index (BMI) represents a significant global health challenge. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between gestational weight gain and depression during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Conducted as a descriptive-analytical study, it involved 115 pregnant women attending Shahid Akbar Abadi Hospital in Tehran. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, both before during pregnancy, and the postpartum period. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, Pearson correlation, linear regression, and multivariate regression tests. A correlation was identified between changes in body mass index during pregnancy and maternal depression levels. The results of the logistic regression analysis indicated a significant association between increased body mass index during pregnancy and the likelihood of developing mental health disorders. These findings underscore the changes in body mass index during pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester, are associated with an elevated risk of maternal depression. Targeted interventions focusing on weight management and body image improvement may play a critical role in mitigating the risk of developing mental disorders.

Keywords

Perinatal Phase

BMI

Mental Health

Weight Gain

Depression

1. Mohajan D, Mohajan HK. Obesity and its related diseases: a new escalating alarming in global health. Journal of Innovations in Medical Research. 2023;2(3):12-23.
2. Mozaffarian D. Dietary and policy priorities to reduce the global crises of obesity and diabetes. Nature Food. 2020;1(1):38-50.
3. Huizar MI, Arena R, Laddu DR. The global food syndemic: The impact of food insecurity, Malnutrition and obesity on the healthspan amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Progress in cardiovascular diseases. 2021;64:105-7.
4. Langley‐Evans SC, Pearce J, Ellis S. Overweight, obesity and excessive weight gain in pregnancy as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes: A narrative review. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. 2022 Apr;35(2):250-64.
5. Hasan T. Body mass index and use of healthcare services in children: analyses from the Born in Bradford cohort study (Doctoral dissertation, University of York).
6. Poston L, Harthoorn LF, van der Beek EM, On Behalf of Contributors To The IEW. Obesity in Pregnancy: Implications for the Mother and Lifelong Health of the Child. A Consensus Statement. Pediatric Research. 2011;69(2):175-80.
7. Alfadhli EM. Maternal obesity influences birth weight more than gestational diabetes. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2021;21(1):111.
8. Wanaditya GK, Putra IWA, Aryana MBD, Mulyana RS. Obesity in Pregnant Women and Its Impact on Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity. European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. 2023;5(3):17-21.
9. Alshwaiyat NM, Ahmad A, Wan Hassan WM, Al-Jamal HA. Association between obesity and iron deficiency. Experimental and therapeutic medicine. 2021 Nov;22(5):1268.
10. Chen C, Xu X, Yan Y. Estimated global overweight and obesity burden in pregnant women based on panel data model. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):0202183.
11. Tsai J-M, Tsai L-Y, Tsay S-L, Chen Y-H. The prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression among women during the early postpartum period: a retrospective secondary data analysis. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2023;62(3):406-11.
12. Getahun D, Oyelese Y, Peltier M, Yeh M, Chiu VY, Takhar H, et al. Trends in Postpartum Depression by Race/Ethnicity and Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2023;228(1):122-S3.
13. Carlson K, Mughal S, Azhar Y, Siddiqui W. Postpartum depression. InStatPearls [Internet] 2024 Aug 12. StatPearls Publishing.
14. Bergmann S, Schlesier-Michel A, Wendt V, Grube M, Keitel-Korndörfer A, Gausche R, Von Klitzing K, Klein AM. Maternal weight predicts children's psychosocial development via parenting stress and emotional availability. Frontiers in psychology. 2016 Aug 10;7:1156.
15. Zhou X, Rao L, Yang D, Wang T, Li H, Liu Z. Effects of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on antenatal mental disorders in China: a prospective study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2023;23(1):188.
16. Heidari-Beni M, Azizi-Soleiman F, Afshar H, Khosravi-Boroujeni H, Keshteli AH, Esmaillzadeh A, et al. Relationship between obesity and depression, anxiety and psychological distress among Iranian healthcare staff. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2021;27(4):327-35.
17. Wdowiak A, Makara-Studzińska M, Raczkiewicz D, Janczyk P, Słabuszewska-Jóźwiak A, Wdowiak-Filip A, Studzińska N. Effect of excessive body weight and emotional disorders on the course of pregnancy and well-being of a newborn before and during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021 Feb 9;10(4):656.
18. Cattane N, Räikkönen K, Anniverno R, Mencacci C, Riva MA, Pariante CM, et al. Depression, obesity and their comorbidity during pregnancy: effects on the offspring’s mental and physical health. Molecular Psychiatry. 2021;26(2):462-81.
19. Van den Bergh BR, van den Heuvel MI, Lahti M, Braeken M, de Rooij SR, Entringer S, Hoyer D, Roseboom T, Räikkönen K, King S, Schwab M. Prenatal developmental origins of behavior and mental health: The influence of maternal stress in pregnancy. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2020 Oct 1;117:26-64.
20. Ramsey PS, Schenken RS, Pi-Sunyer FX. Obesity in pregnancy: Complications and maternal management. UpToDate®[CJ Lockwood, F Pi-Sunyer and V Barss, editors] https://www uptodate com/contents/obesity-inpregnancy-complications-and-maternal-management. 2017:3-150.
21. Oteng-Ntim E, Varma R, Croker H, Poston L, Doyle P. Lifestyle interventions for overweight and obese pregnant women to improve pregnancy outcome: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Medicine. 2012;10(1):47.
22. Nakanishi K, Saijo Y, Yoshioka E, Sato Y, Kato Y, Nagaya K, et al. Severity of low pre-pregnancy body mass index and perinatal outcomes: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2022;22(1):121.
23. McKay D, Sookman D, Neziroglu F, Wilhelm S, Stein DJ, Kyrios M, Matthews K, Veale D. Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive–compulsive disorder. Psychiatry research. 2015 Feb 28;225(3):236-46.
24. Cattane N, Räikkönen K, Anniverno R, Mencacci C, Riva MA, Pariante CM, et al. Depression, obesity and their comorbidity during pregnancy: effects on the offspring's mental and physical health. Mol Psychiatry. 2021;26(2):462-81.
25. Fu X, Wang Y, Zhao F, Cui R, Xie W, Liu Q, et al. Shared biological mechanisms of depression and obesity: focus on adipokines and lipokines. Aging (Albany NY). 2023;15(12):5917-50.
26. Ouakinin SR, Barreira DP, Gois CJ. Depression and obesity: Integrating the role of stress, neuroendocrine dysfunction and inflammatory pathways. Frontiers in endocrinology. 2018 Jul 31;9:431.